Topographic mapping services is the most widely used category among all maps. In topographic maps, the contour lines are used to show the elevation and shape of the land. This feature distinguishes topographic maps from all the other kinds of maps.
The topographic mapping services render the ups and downs of the terrain from a three-dimensional (3D) to a two-dimensional (2D) surface. In India, the Survey of India is responsible for all topographic surveys, control, and mapping.
Services of topographic mapping are extensively used because it shows both man-made and natural features. They mark features such as major buildings, roads, transmission lines, and boundaries. They also name and show natural resources which include lakes, mountains, vegetation, rivers, plains, and valleys. The various features on the map are shown with the help of symbols and conventional signs. These signs are explained on a characteristic sheet that is published separately or in the margin of the map. In recent times, maps of topography have been prepared with the help of aerial photography and then undertaking a photogrammetric interpretation of it. Earlier, however, topographic maps were prepared using conventional surveying instruments.
Topographic mapping services have a wide range of applications, such as:
- National defense
- Disaster and emergency response
- Facilities and asset management
- Energy and mineral exploration
- Positioning and navigation
- Market analysis
Topographic maps provide a wide range of information and this makes them extremely useful to recreational as well as professional map users. Topographic mapping services are used for residential and commercial planning, engineering, energy exploration, environmental management, public works design, natural resource conservation, and outdoor activities such as fishing, camping, and hiking.
Topographic mapping services have proved beneficial and that is the reason for it's extensive use today. Measures need to be taken so that topographic maps are used in a proper and efficacious manner. These services need to be upgraded on a regular basis as well.
Geographic Information Services in India
